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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common heart conditions. It develops when the blood vessels that supply
blood to the heart muscle become narrow or blocked. When the heart does not receive enough blood and oxygen, it can cause
chest discomfort and other symptoms. The good news is that coronary artery disease can often be managed when it is detected
early. Knowing the warning signs and getting the right medical evaluation can help protect your heart health.
The heart needs a continuous supply of oxygen-rich blood to work properly. This blood reaches the heart through the coronary
arteries. Over time, fatty deposits called plaque can build up inside these arteries. This process is known as atherosclerosis. As
plaque increases, the artery can become narrower, making it harder for blood to reach the heart muscle.In some cases, a blood
clot can form around a damaged plaque and suddenly block blood flow. This can lead to a heart attack and requires immediate
medical attention.
Coronary artery disease usually develops gradually over many years. Several factors can increase the risk, including:
Having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean that a person has coronary artery disease. However, regular
health checks become especially important when several risk factors are present.
Symptoms can vary from person to person. Some people may have noticeable symptoms, while others may have no symptoms
until the disease becomes more advanced.Common symptoms include:
Chest pain, pressure, tightness, or heaviness is one of the most common warning signs. Some people describe it as a squeezing
or uncomfortable feeling in the centre of the chest.
You may feel breathless during physical activity or sometimes even while resting if the condition is more serious.
Discomfort may sometimes spread from the chest to the shoulder, arm, back, neck, jaw, or upper abdomen.
Feeling unusually tired, particularly during activities that were previously easy, can sometimes be associated with reduced
blood supply to the heart.
Some people may experience dizziness, cold sweating, nausea, or a feeling of weakness along with chest discomfort.
Women, older adults, and people with diabetes may sometimes experience less typical symptoms. This is why unusual or
unexplained symptoms should not be ignored.
Doctors may use different tests depending on the person’s symptoms, age, medical history, and risk factors.
An electrocardiogram records the electrical activity of the heart and can help identify certain heart abnormalities.
An echocardiogram uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart. It helps doctors assess heart structure and function.
A treadmill test, also called a TMT, monitors the heart while you exercise. It may help identify changes associated with reduced
blood flow to the heart during physical activity.
CT coronary angiography is a non-invasive imaging test that uses CT technology and contrast material to create detailed images
of the coronary arteries. It can help doctors look for narrowing or blockages in these blood vessels.
In some situations, doctors may recommend conventional coronary angiography. A thin catheter is guided through a blood vessel
to the heart, allowing the coronary arteries to be examined in detail.The appropriate test depends on the individual patient. A docto will decide which investigation is most suitable.
Your risk of coronary artery disease may be higher if you have:
Regular screening can be particularly important for people with multiple risk factors.
Heart health is strongly connected to everyday habits. Simple lifestyle changes can make a meaningful difference.
Include more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, pulses, nuts, and other nutritious foods. Try to limit foods high in saturated fat, trans fat,
excess salt, and added sugar.
Regular physical activity can support healthy blood pressure, cholesterol levels, weight, and overall cardiovascular health. Choose
activities that are suitable for your age and health condition.
Smoking damages blood vessels and significantly increases the risk of heart disease. Stopping smoking is one of the most important
steps you can take for better cardiovascular health.
If you have diabetes or high blood pressure, keeping these conditions under control can help reduce the risk of heart and blood vessel
complications.
Excess body weight can increase the risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, and abnormal cholesterol levels. A balanced diet and regular
activity can help support a healthy weight.
Do not ignore new or unexplained chest pain, pressure, severe breathlessness, sudden sweating, fainting, or discomfort spreading to the
arm, jaw, back, or shoulder.
Severe or sudden chest discomfort can be a medical emergency. Seek immediate medical care rather than waiting for the symptoms to
disappear.Regular heart health assessments can also be helpful, especially if you have risk factors for coronary artery disease. Early
evaluation can help identify potential problems and allow appropriate treatment to begin sooner.